HTML5 is planned to be the fifth major revision of the core language of the World Wide Web, HTML. When HTML5 is expressed in XML, it's called XHTML5. The ideas behind HTML 5 were pioneered in 2004 by the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG). HTML5 was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the W3C in 2007. The HTML working group has published the First Public Working Draft of the specification on 22nd January 2008. The specification is ongoing work, and expected to remain so for many years.
New markup
HTML5 provides a number of new elements and attributes (a.k.a. "markup") that reflect typical usage on modern web sites. Some of them are technically similar to and tags, but have a meaning, for example (website navigation block) and . Such tags would facilitate indexing by search engines and handling by small-screen devices or voice readers for the visually impaired. Other elements provide new functionality through a standardized interface, such as the and elements.
Some deprecated elements from HTML 4.01 have been dropped, such as the purely presentational element whose effect can be handled in CSS.
Global attributes (that can be applied for every element) – id, tabindex, repeat
Deprecated elements dropped – center, font, strike
Error handling
An HTML5 browser should be flexible in handling incorrect syntax, in contrast to XHTML, where such errors must not be ignored. HTML5 is designed such that old HTML 4 browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs. In contrast to HTML4, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for lexing and parsing, with the intent that different compliant browsers will produce the same result in the case of incorrect syntax.
Ogg controversy
HTML5 introduces new ways of inserting sound and video in web pages with the and elements. Previously, the specification recommended the use of Ogg formats Vorbis and Theora, but this recommendation was later removed after Apple and Nokia had opposed the move. Opera Software and Mozilla have been advocates for including the Ogg formats into the HTML standard and have included native decoding for these formats in their browsers.
On, mention of the HTML5 specification was updated replacing the reference to concrete formats with a placeholder:
Original
Replacement
WHATWG has cited concerns from influential companies including Nokia and Apple over the Ogg formats still being within patent lifetime and thus vulnerable to unexpected future patent challenges. A follow-up discussion also occurred on the W3C questions & answers blog.
Background
17 October 2007 the W3C encouraged interested people to take part in a video on the web workshop, held 12-13 December. A number of global companies were involved, and their "position papers" can be found here. Among them, Nokia's paper states that “a W3C-led standardization of a 'free' codec, or the active endorsement of proprietary technology such as Ogg … by W3C, is, in our opinion, not helpful.” As well as Ogg Vorbis and Ogg Theora; H.261, H.264, AAC and MP3 were mentioned. The three latter are unacceptable to Opera and Mozilla on both practical and ideological grounds. Ogg Theora is unlikely to be accepted by Apple and Nokia, which leaves H.261 and Vorbis. Unlike Theora, Vorbis is already in use by multiple very large corporations, and offers quality comparable to AAC and MP3.
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